norse.torch.module.encode.PopulationEncoder

class norse.torch.module.encode.PopulationEncoder(out_features: int, scale: ~typing.Union[int, ~torch.Tensor] = None, kernel: ~typing.Callable[[~torch.Tensor], ~torch.Tensor] = <function gaussian_rbf>, distance_function: ~typing.Callable[[~torch.Tensor, ~torch.Tensor], ~torch.Tensor] = <function euclidean_distance>)

Encodes a set of input values into population codes, such that each singular input value is represented by a list of numbers (typically calculated by a radial basis kernel), whose length is equal to the out_features.

Population encoding can be visualised by imagining a number of neurons in a list, whose activity increases if a number gets close to its “receptive field”.

Fig. 1 Gaussian curves representing different neuron “receptive fields”. Image credit: Andrew K. Richardson.

Example:

>>> data = torch.as_tensor([0, 0.5, 1])
>>> out_features = 3
>>> PopulationEncoder(out_features).forward(data)
tensor([[1.0000, 0.8825, 0.6065],
        [0.8825, 1.0000, 0.8825],
        [0.6065, 0.8825, 1.0000]])

Parameters:

out_features (int): The number of output per input value scale (torch.Tensor): The scaling factor for the kernels. Defaults to the maximum value of the input.

Can also be set for each individual sample.

kernel: A function that takes two inputs and returns a tensor. The two inputs represent the center value

(which changes for each index in the output tensor) and the actual data value to encode respectively.z Defaults to gaussian radial basis kernel function.

distance_function: A function that calculates the distance between two numbers. Defaults to euclidean.

__init__(out_features: int, scale: ~typing.Union[int, ~torch.Tensor] = None, kernel: ~typing.Callable[[~torch.Tensor], ~torch.Tensor] = <function gaussian_rbf>, distance_function: ~typing.Callable[[~torch.Tensor, ~torch.Tensor], ~torch.Tensor] = <function euclidean_distance>)

Initializes internal Module state, shared by both nn.Module and ScriptModule.

Methods

__init__(out_features[, scale, kernel, ...])	Initializes internal Module state, shared by both nn.Module and ScriptModule.
add_module(name, module)	Adds a child module to the current module.
apply(fn)	Applies fn recursively to every submodule (as returned by .children()) as well as self.
bfloat16()	Casts all floating point parameters and buffers to bfloat16 datatype.
buffers([recurse])	Returns an iterator over module buffers.
children()	Returns an iterator over immediate children modules.
compile(*args, **kwargs)	Compile this Module's forward using torch.compile().
cpu()	Moves all model parameters and buffers to the CPU.
cuda([device])	Moves all model parameters and buffers to the GPU.
double()	Casts all floating point parameters and buffers to double datatype.
eval()	Sets the module in evaluation mode.
extra_repr()	Set the extra representation of the module
float()	Casts all floating point parameters and buffers to float datatype.
forward(input_tensor)	Defines the computation performed at every call.
get_buffer(target)	Returns the buffer given by target if it exists, otherwise throws an error.
get_extra_state()	Returns any extra state to include in the module's state_dict.
get_parameter(target)	Returns the parameter given by target if it exists, otherwise throws an error.
get_submodule(target)	Returns the submodule given by target if it exists, otherwise throws an error.
half()	Casts all floating point parameters and buffers to half datatype.
ipu([device])	Moves all model parameters and buffers to the IPU.
load_state_dict(state_dict[, strict, assign])	Copies parameters and buffers from state_dict into this module and its descendants.
modules()	Returns an iterator over all modules in the network.
named_buffers([prefix, recurse, ...])	Returns an iterator over module buffers, yielding both the name of the buffer as well as the buffer itself.
named_children()	Returns an iterator over immediate children modules, yielding both the name of the module as well as the module itself.
named_modules([memo, prefix, remove_duplicate])	Returns an iterator over all modules in the network, yielding both the name of the module as well as the module itself.
named_parameters([prefix, recurse, ...])	Returns an iterator over module parameters, yielding both the name of the parameter as well as the parameter itself.
parameters([recurse])	Returns an iterator over module parameters.
register_backward_hook(hook)	Registers a backward hook on the module.
register_buffer(name, tensor[, persistent])	Adds a buffer to the module.
register_forward_hook(hook, *[, prepend, ...])	Registers a forward hook on the module.
register_forward_pre_hook(hook, *[, ...])	Registers a forward pre-hook on the module.
register_full_backward_hook(hook[, prepend])	Registers a backward hook on the module.
register_full_backward_pre_hook(hook[, prepend])	Registers a backward pre-hook on the module.
register_load_state_dict_post_hook(hook)	Registers a post hook to be run after module's load_state_dict is called.
register_module(name, module)	Alias for add_module().
register_parameter(name, param)	Adds a parameter to the module.
register_state_dict_pre_hook(hook)	These hooks will be called with arguments: self, prefix, and keep_vars before calling state_dict on self.
requires_grad_([requires_grad])	Change if autograd should record operations on parameters in this module.
set_extra_state(state)	This function is called from load_state_dict() to handle any extra state found within the state_dict.
share_memory()	See torch.Tensor.share_memory_()
state_dict(*args[, destination, prefix, ...])	Returns a dictionary containing references to the whole state of the module.
to(*args, **kwargs)	Moves and/or casts the parameters and buffers.
to_empty(*, device[, recurse])	Moves the parameters and buffers to the specified device without copying storage.
train([mode])	Sets the module in training mode.
type(dst_type)	Casts all parameters and buffers to dst_type.
xpu([device])	Moves all model parameters and buffers to the XPU.
zero_grad([set_to_none])	Resets gradients of all model parameters.

Attributes

T_destination	alias of TypeVar('T_destination', bound=Dict[str, Any])
call_super_init
dump_patches